Field immobilization of fractures

Fractures represent one of the most critical traumatological emergencies in equine field clinical practice. Prompt and appropriate immobilization before hospital transport is essential to reduce pain, limit secondary damage to soft tissues, neurovascular structures, and bone, and to preserve surgical repair options and prognosis. This article proposes a practical guide, grounded in biomechanical principles, for the immobilization of fractures in horses under real field conditions. Initial assessment, sedation and analgesia protocols, imaging considerations, and transport recommendations are reviewed. Immobilization techniques, including modified Robert Jones bandages, commercial splints, and fiberglass casts, are described in relation to four anatomical zones defined by biomechanical principles (zones 1, 2, 3, and 4). For each zone, the predominant biomechanical forces are identified and the most appropriate immobilization strategy is detailed. Correct field immobilization not only increases the probability of successful bone repair but also significantly reduces serious complications such as wound infection and contralateral limb laminitis.